Constitutional Law cases

South African case law on Constitutional Law, with full citations. 3,029 cases — page 12 of 16.

  1. Road Traffic Management Corporation v Waymark Infotech (Pty) Limited[2018] ZACC 12
  2. Robert Dombodzvuku and Arthur Shingai Mutasa v V Sithole N.O. and The Attorney-GeneralHH 174-2004, HC 482/04
  3. Robert Edward Kuipers v Kirsty Leigh KuipersHH 687-14, HC 2269/14
  4. Robert Kweyunga Kwesiga and Sande Hilda Kwesiga v Prosecutor General and OthersSC 58/25, Civil Appeal No. SC 333/24
  5. Robert Madamombe v Commissioner General of Police and OthersHB227-16, HC 1217-16, XREF HC 1218-16
  6. Robert Martin Gumbura v The StateHH 231-14, B 346/14
  7. Robert Martin Gumbura v The StateSC 78/2014 (Civil Appeal No. SC 349/14)
  8. Robert Matshikwe, Magistrate, Stutterheim v Mbulelo Clement Erasmus MashiyaCase no: 102/2002
  9. Robert McBride v Minister of Police and Another[2016] ZACC 30
  10. Robert M Gumbura and 6 Others v Francis Mapfumo N.O and AnotherJudgment No. SC 10/22, Civil Appeal No. SC 333/19
  11. Robert Morley Tindwa v ZB BankHH 736-19, HC 8827/19
  12. Robertson Khulekani Koti and Others v The StateHB 136/20, HCB 170/20 (XREF CRB 06-08/20)
  13. Robert Van Nell and Sam Bekker v The StateCCT 3/98
  14. Robinson Township v. Commonwealth of PennsylvaniaNo. 284 M.D. 2012 (Pa. Cmwlth. July 17, 2014)
  15. Robson Chapfika v Reserve Bank of ZimbabweHH 77-2007, HC 6416/05
  16. Roger Deane Stringer v The Chairperson Zimbabwe Electoral Commission and OthersHH 41-2007, HC 6350/06
  17. Ronald Bobroff & Partners Inc v De La Guerre; South African Association of Personal Injury Lawyers v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development[2014] ZACC 2
  18. Ronald Davison Mugangavari v Provincial Mining Director – Midlands N.O. and K & G Mining SyndicateHB 63/20, HC 1776/19
  19. Ronald Kandemiri & Ors v First Capital Bank LimitedCCZ 18-25 (Const. Application No. CCZ 25/25)
  20. Ronald Magweta and Women's Academy for Leadership and Political Excellence v Minister of Health and Child Care and OthersHH 35-22, HC 3997/20
  21. Ronia Gora and 44 Others v Tafara Infrastructural Development Consortium and City of HarareHH 352-22, HC 3061/21
  22. Rory Vashon Wheeler v Registrar General of Citizenship and OthersHH 181-20, HC 5919/19
  23. Rosemary Chinjayani v Minister of Home Affairs and OthersHH 76-10, HC 2245/10
  24. Rosina Mankone Komape and Others v Minister of Basic Education and Others(754/2018) [2019] ZASCA 192
  25. Route Toute BV and Others v Susnspun Bananas (Pvt) Ltd and AnotherHH 27/2010; HC 6127/10
  26. Rowland and Others v Logos Carriers CC(376/2024) [2026] ZASCA 36 (24 March 2026)
  27. Roy Leslie Bennett v Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (in his capacity as the Speaker of the Parliament of Zimbabwe) and OthersJudgment No SC 75/05; Civil Application No 16/05
  28. Roy Leslie Bennett v The Parliament of Zimbabwe and OthersHH 24-2005; HC 887/05
  29. Roy Leslie Bennett v The StateHIGH COURT OF ZIMBABWE, HARARE, 16 September 2009
  30. Roy Nyabvure v Hilda Kirimi and Hilda Kirimi v Roy NyabvureHH 120-15, HC 778/15 and HC 795/15
  31. Ruby Charmaine Marais v The State(CCT 54/10) [2010] ZACC 16
  32. Rudolph v Minister of Safety and Security(380/2008) [2009] ZASCA 39 (31 March 2009)
  33. Rula Tecno Park (Pty) Ltd v Moses Khuzwayo Mahlangu and OthersLCC66R/2015
  34. Rula Tecno Park (Pty) Ltd v Moses Khuzwayo Mahlangu and OthersLCC66R/2015 (unreported)
  35. Rural Maintenance (Pty) Limited and Another v Maluti-A-Phofung Local Municipality[2016] ZACC 37
  36. Rustenburg Local Municipality v Vincent Mdango and OthersRustenburg Local Municipality v Vincent Mdango (937/13) ZASCA 83 [30 May 2014]
  37. Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited and Another v The Regional Manager, Limpopo Region, Department of Mineral Resources and Others(1109/2020) [2022] ZASCA 157 (18 November 2022)
  38. Ruta v Minister of Home Affairs[2018] ZACC 52
  39. Rutsate v Ndaveni Wedzerai and OthersSC 45/22, Civil Appeal No. SC 557/19
  40. SAAB Grintek Defence (Pty) Ltd v South African Police Service(316/2015) [2016] ZASCA 104 (5 July 2016)
  41. SA Bank of Athens Limited v May van ZylCase No 431/03 (SCA, unreported judgment delivered 21 February 2005)
  42. SA Bank of Athens Limited v May Van Zyl(431/03) [2005] ZASCA 13 (21 February 2005)
  43. S A Fakie, NO v CCII Systems (Pty) Ltd(653/2004) [2006] ZASCA 54
  44. Saidex (Pty) Ltd and Others v The Minister of Minerals and Energy NO and Others(49/10) [2011] ZASCA 102 (1 June 2011)
  45. Salem Party Club v Salem Community(20626/14) [2016] ZASCA 203 (13 December 2016)
  46. Sali v National Commissioner of the South African Police Service and Others[2014] ZACC 19
  47. Samson Mutero v The StateSC 53/18; Civil Appeal No SC 340/15
  48. Samuel K. Cawood and Joco Ranch (Pvt) Ltd v Kanyiso Mbedzi and O. G. DubeJudgment No. HB 31/2002, Case No. HC 2118/2001
  49. Samuel Misi v Commissioner General of Police (N.O) and Police Service CommissionHH 667-18, HC 4952/17
  50. Samuel Nyakudya v O.R Tambo District MunicipalityCase No.: 862/2024 (Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
  51. Samuels v South African Legal Practice Council (formerly Law Society of the Northern Provinces)(1112/2021) [2022] ZASCA 175 (7 December 2022)
  52. Samuel Undenge v Bongani UndengeHH 955-15, CIV "A" 264/15
  53. Samukeliso Moyo and Lewis Masunda v Athletics ZimbabweHH 205-02, HC 9316/02
  54. Sandile Local Residents and Others v MEC for the Department of Transport Safety and Liaison and AnotherCase No.: 4894/2023 (High Court of South Africa, Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
  55. Sandvliet Boerdery (Pty) Ltd v Maria Mampies & another(107/2018) [2019] ZASCA 100 (8 July 2019)
  56. Sankie Mthembi-Mahanyele v Mail & Guardian Limited and Philip van NiekerkCase No: 054/2003 (SCA)
  57. Sanoj Jeewan v Transnet SOC Limited and Another(696/2023) [2024] ZASCA 108
  58. SAP SE v Systems Applications Consultants (Pty) Ltd t/a Securinfo and Another(376/2022) [2024] ZASCA 26 (20 March 2024)
  59. SASBO The Finance Union obo Johannes Petrus Fourie v Nedbank LimitedCASE NO: J 2011/19
  60. Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and AnotherCCT 48/02 (Constitutional Court, decided 17 March 2003)
  61. Save Lake Peigneur, Inc. v. Secretary, Louisiana Department of Natural ResourcesDocket No. 122358, 16th Judicial District Court, Parish of Iberia, Louisiana (23 September 2014)
  62. Savoi and Others v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Another[2014] ZACC 5
  63. Sayed v The State(530/2017) [2017] ZASCA 156 (24 November 2017)
  64. Scagell and Others v Attorney-General of the Western Cape and OthersCCT 42/95
  65. Scalabrini Centre, Cape Town and Others v The Minister of Home Affairs and Others(1107/2016) [2017] ZASCA 126
  66. Schabir Shaik and Others v The State(CCT 86/06) [2008] ZACC 7
  67. Schoombee and Another v The State[2016] ZACC 50
  68. Schubart Park Residents' Association and Others v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Another(CCT 23/12) [2012] ZACC 26
  69. Schultz v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others(76/2023) [2024] ZASCA 77 (23 May 2024)
  70. Sea Front For All v The MEC: Environmental and Development Planning, Western Cape Provincial GovernmentCase No: 15974/07 [Western Cape High Court, Cape Town]
  71. Secona Freight Logistics CC v Samie and Others(1074/2022) [2023] ZASCA 183 (22 December 2023)
  72. Secretary of the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, Corruption and Fraud in the Public Sector including Organs of State v Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma[2021] ZACC 2
  73. Seebed CC t/a Siyabonga Convenience Centre v Engen Petroleum Limited[2022] ZACC 28
  74. Sekoko Mametja Incorporated Attorneys v Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality(60/2021) [2022] ZASCA 28 (18 March 2022)
  75. Sengwa Colliery (Private) Limited v The Minister of Mines and Mining Development and OthersHH 299-26, HCH 6548/25
  76. Senwedi v The State[2021] ZACC 12
  77. Senwes Limited v The Competition Commission of South Africa87/CAC/FEB/09 (CAC)
  78. Sephaku Tin (Pty) Limited v Kranskoppie BoerderyCase No: 47561/2010
  79. September and Others v CMI Business Enterprise CC[2018] ZACC 4
  80. Serengeti Rise Industries (Pty) Ltd & another v Aboobaker NO & others(845/2015) [2017] ZASCA 79
  81. Sergeant Mande B 047375T and Others v The Trial Officer and The Commissioner General of PoliceHH 436-22, HC 8672/19
  82. Sergeant Mloyie v The Trial Officer (Superintendent Makunike) and The Commissioner General of PoliceHH 408-16, HC 5673/16
  83. Sesing Johannes Johnson and Others v Electoral Commission and Others(004/2013) [2013] ZAEC 2 (9 October 2013)
  84. Settlement Chikwinya and Lloyd Mukapiko v The StateHB 14/19; HCB 16/19
  85. Settlement Chikwinya and Others v Jacob Mudenda NO and OthersHH 48-2022, HC 106/2022
  86. Sexual Rights Centre v Officer Commanding Bulawayo Centre District N.O. and OthersHB 193/17; HC1856/16
  87. Shabalala and Five Others v The Attorney-General of the Transvaal; The Commissioner of South African PoliceCCT/23/94; 1995 (12) BCLR 1593 (CC); 1996 (1) SA 725 (CC)
  88. Shabangu v Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa and Others[2019] ZACC 42
  89. Shamdutt Singh and Others v The State(862/2015) [2016] ZASCA 37
  90. Shanduko Housing Cooperative Society Ltd v Luke MushangoHIGH COURT OF ZIMBABWE, HARARE, 9 September 2013 (judgment delivered 20 November 2019)
  91. Shane Jaipal v The StateCase CCT 21/04
  92. Shane Van Straaten v President of the Republic of South Africa[2009] ZACC 2
  93. Shange v S(613/2016) [2017] ZASCA 51 (2 May 2017)
  94. Shantel Rusike v The StateCCZ 17/2017 (Const. Application No. CCZ 121/13)
  95. Shelton Shangwa v Senior Assistant Commissioner Justice Chengeta and OthersHH 276/21, HC 6624/18
  96. Shelton v Eastern Cape Development Tribunal(489/2015) [2016] ZASCA 125
  97. Shepherd Mugomeza and 15 Others v The StateHMA 30-22 (Ref B 135-22)
  98. Sherpherd Chiwanza v The StateHH 129-26; HCHCR 1500/25
  99. Shiela Sithole v Zimbabwe Revenue AuthorityHH 248-22, HC 2930/21
  100. Shilubana and Others v Nwamitwa(CCT 03/07) [2008] ZACC 9
  101. Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Limited v Member of the Executive Council for Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism: Eastern Cape and Others[2015] ZACC 23
  102. Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Cecil Tshepo Mokopane Mafate(903/2021) [2023] ZASCA 14 (17 February 2023)
  103. Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and Others
  104. Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Member of the Executive Council for Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs: KwaZulu-Natal(78/2016) [2016] ZASCA 193
  105. Shunmugam and Others v National Democratic Convention(073/2008) [2008] ZASCA 165
  106. Shuttleworth v South African Reserve Bank(864/2013) [2014] ZASCA 157 (1 October 2014)
  107. Siane Anne Terblanche v Registrar General of Citizenship and OthersHH 270-19, HC 4066/18
  108. Sibongile Gaqa & 21 Others v Ingquza Hill Local Municipality and 2 OthersCase No.: 3949/2024 (Eastern Cape Division: Mthatha)
  109. Sidingumuzi Ndabezitha Ncube v The StateHB 50-19, HCB 81/19, XREF BYO P503/19
  110. Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd[2007] ZACC 22
  111. Sigcau v Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs[2017] ZASCA 80 (7 June 2017)
  112. Sigidla Ndumo v The Minister of Arts and Culture Nomine Officio and OthersCase No.: CA 81/2020 (Eastern Cape Division, Grahamstown)
  113. Signature Real Estate (Pty) Ltd v Charles Edwards Properties and Others(415/2019) [2020] ZASCA 63 (10 June 2020)
  114. Sikhangezile Dube and Others v The StateHB 12/26; HCBCR 4869/24
  115. Sikhumbuzo Nyathi v The StateHB 160/25; HCBCR 4769/25
  116. Silibaziso Zikwature v Elliot ZikwatureHMA 37/22; CIV'A'18/21
  117. Simbarashe Tavengwa v The StateHH 121/16, B81/16
  118. Simbi (Steelmakers) (Private) Limited v M. Shamu & OthersSC 71/2015; Civil Appeal No. SC 479/14
  119. Simon Francis Mann v The Republic of Equatorial GuineaJudgment No. SC 1/08; Const. Application No. 09/08
  120. Simon Francis Mann v The Republic of Equatorial GuineaHH 1-2008, Case No. CA 507/07
  121. Simon Muchemwa v The StateHH 280-21; HACC (B) 24/21; CRB ACC 82/21
  122. Simon Prophet v National Director of Public ProsecutionsCase number: 502/04
  123. Simon Prophet v The National Director of Public ProsecutionsCase CCT 56/05 (Constitutional Court, judgment delivered 29 September 2006)
  124. Sinenkani Football Club v South African Football Association and OthersCase No: 1461/2025 (Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
  125. Sinethemba Mtokonya v Minister of Police[2017] ZACC 33
  126. Sinethemba Ntlanyeni v The State(015/2016) [2016] ZASCA 3 (25 February 2016)
  127. Singathini Raymond Chigogwana and Access Finance (Private) Limited v The StateHH 594-21, B HACC(B) 53/21
  128. Singh v Ebrahim(413/09) [2010] ZASCA 145 (26 November 2010)
  129. Singh v National Director of Public Prosecutions(268/06) [2007] ZASCA 82
  130. Singh v The Body Corporate of St Tropez(386/2023) [2024] ZASCA 142 (21 October 2024)
  131. Siphesihle Protas Mshengu v The State(446/2008) [2009] ZASCA 65 (29 May 2009)
  132. Sipho Gcora and Gobo-Gcora Construction and Project Management CC v The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and OthersCase No. 1414/2016 & 992/2016 (High Court Eastern Cape Division, Gqeberha, delivered 1 April 2025)
  133. Sipho Patrick Magwaza v The State(20169/2014) [2015] ZASCA 36
  134. Siphosakhe Setman v Minister of PoliceCase No: 2929/2021; CA59/2024 (High Court of South Africa, Eastern Cape Division, Makhanda)
  135. Sipho Shongwe v The StateCase CCT 45/02
  136. Sister Berry (nee Ncube) and Jesse Aaron Berry v The Chief Immigration Officer and The Minister of Home AffairsCCZ 4/16; Const. Application No. CCZ 53/14
  137. Sitembiso Dalkanyo Sicengu v Khayakazi Magudumane and Another(002/2023 EC) [2023] ZAEC 02 (8 June 2023)
  138. Sithole and Another v Sithole and Another[2021] ZACC 7
  139. Sithole v The State(604/12) [2013] ZASCA 55 (04 April 2013)
  140. Siyabulela Mapompo v King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality and AnotherCase No: 2640/2025 (Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
  141. Siyanda Hololo v Minister of Police and National Director of Public ProsecutionsCase No.: 5171/2017 (Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
  142. Siyangena Technologies (Pty) Ltd v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa and Others(487/2021) [2022] ZASCA 149 (1 November 2022)
  143. Sizeka Iris Daniso and Others v Minister of PoliceCase No: EL 840/2020 (Eastern Cape Division, East London Circuit Court, unreported)
  144. SKG Africa (Pty) Ltd v South African Local Government Association and AnotherCase no. 3641/2023 (High Court of South Africa, Eastern Cape Division, Makhanda)
  145. SKG Africa (Pty) Ltd v South African Local Government Association and Others1282/2023 (Eastern Cape Division, East London Circuit Court)
  146. Skhumbuzo Jerome Mthembu v The State(CCT 115/09) [2010] ZACC 8
  147. Smelly Dube v Chief Superintendent Majuta (N.O) and OthersHB 69-18, HC 738/18
  148. Smelly Dube v The StateHH 149-21, B 536/21, CRB GWP 343/21
  149. Smit v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others[2020] ZACC 29
  150. SMM Holdings Limited v The Minister of Justice, Legal & Parliamentary AffairsJudgment No. SC 5/10, Civil Appeal No. 9/07
  151. Snyders and Others v de Jager[2016] ZACC 52
  152. Sobusa Gula Ndebele v Chinembiri Energy BhunuJudgment No. SC 34/10, Civil Appeal No. 35/10
  153. Sobuza Gula-Ndebele v Chinembiri Energy Bhunu N.O.HH 14-2010, HC 3672/08
  154. Social Justice Coalition and Others v Minister of Police and Others[2022] ZACC 27
  155. Solidariteit Helpende Hand NPC and Others v Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs(104/2022) [2023] ZASCA 35
  156. Solidarity and Others v Department of Correctional Services and Others(CCT 78/15) [2016] ZACC 18
  157. Solidarity obo Members Employed in Motor Industry v Automobile Manufacturers Employers' Organisation (AMEO) and OthersCase no: JA11/17
  158. Solidarity obo Members v Barloworld Equipment Southern Africa and Others[2022] ZACC 15
  159. Solidarity v The Minister of Labour and OthersCase No: J3092/18
  160. Solomon Chironda v Luxford MutopoHH 824-18, HC 7076/15
  161. Solomon Madzore and Taruvinga Lovemore Magaya v The StateHH 246-11, B 1126/11
  162. Solomon Manyama v The StateHMT 27-21, B 49/21 (High Court of Zimbabwe, Mutare)
  163. Somali Association of South Africa and Others v The Refugee Appeal Board and Others(585/2020) [2021] ZASCA 124 (23 September 2021)
  164. Somali Association of South Africa v Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism(48/2014) [2014] ZASCA 143 (26 September 2014)
  165. Songo v Minister of Police and Others(220/2021) [2022] ZASCA 43 (5 April 2022)
  166. Sonke Gender Justice NPC v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others[2020] ZACC 26
  167. Sonwabiso Maxwell Ndimeni v Meeg Bank Limited (Bank of Transkei)(692/09) [2010] ZASCA 165 (01 December 2010)
  168. Sound Electrical Property (Pvt) Ltd v Hornfriskon Investments (Pvt) Ltd t/a Maicon ResourcesHB 48-18, HC 3195/17
  169. South African Airways (Pty) Limited v Aviation Union of South Africa(123/2010) [2011] ZASCA 1 (11 January 2011)
  170. South African Association of Personal Injury Lawyers v HeathCCT 27/00 (reported at 2001 (1) SA 883 (CC))
  171. South African Broadcasting Corporation Limited v The National Director of Public Prosecutions and OthersCCT 58/06, Case No 435/06, 21 September 2006 (unreported)
  172. South African Broadcasting Corporation SOC Limited v Democratic Alliance(393/2015) [2015] ZASCA 156 (8 October 2015)
  173. South African Commercial Catering and Allied Workers Union and Others v Irvin & Johnson Limited Seafoods Division Fish Processing(CCT 2/00) [2000] ZACC 13
  174. South African Dental Association NPC v Minister of Health(20556/2014) [2015] ZASCA 163 (24 November 2015)
  175. South African Diamond Producers Organisation v Minister of Minerals and Energy N.O. and Others[2017] ZACC 26
  176. South African Health Products Regulatory Authority and Another v African Christian Democratic Party(869/2021) [2022] ZASCA 158 (21 November 2022)
  177. South African Human Rights Commission on behalf of South African Jewish Board of Deputies v Masuku and Another[2022] ZACC 5
  178. South African Human Rights Commission v Agro Data CC and Another (Afriforum, Centre for Applied Legal Studies and Commission for Gender Equality intervening as Amici Curiae)(39/2023) [2024] ZASCA 121 (15 August 2024)
  179. South African Human Rights Commission v Msunduzi Local Municipality and OthersCase No. 8407/2020P (High Court of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Division, Pietermaritzburg, delivered 17 June 2021)
  180. South African Informal Traders Forum and Others v City of Johannesburg and Others; South African National Traders Retail Association v City of Johannesburg and Others[2014] ZACC 8
  181. South African Iron and Steel Institute and Others v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others[2023] ZACC 18
  182. South African Liquor Traders Association v Chairperson, Gauteng Liquor BoardCCT 57/05
  183. South African Local Government Bargaining Council and Others v Municipal Workers Retirement Fund and Others(770/2023) [2025] ZASCA 120 (21 August 2025)
  184. South African Maritime Safety Authority v Fafie Fortune McKenzie(017/09) [2010] ZASCA 2 (15 February 2010)
  185. South African Municipal Workers Union (SAMWU) v The City of Cape TownCase No: 262/02
  186. South African Municipal Workers Union v The City of Cape TownCase CCT 10/02
  187. South African National Defence Union v Minister of Defence(CCT 65/06) [2007] ZACC 10
  188. South African National Defence Union v Minister of Defence and Chief of the South African National Defence ForceCCT 27/98
  189. South African National Roads Agency Limited v City of Cape Town(66/2016) [2016] ZASCA 122 (22 September 2016)
  190. South African Navy and Another v Tebeila Institute of Leadership, Education, Governance and Training(252/2019) [2021] ZASCA 23 (19 March 2021)
  191. South African Police Service v Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union(CCT 89/10) [2011] ZACC 21
  192. South African Police Service v Public Servants Association(CCT 68/05) [2006] ZACC 16
  193. South African Police Service v Solidarity obo Barnard[2014] ZACC 23
  194. South African Property Owners Association v The Council of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality(648/2011) [2012] ZASCA 157 (8 November 2012)
  195. South African Reserve Bank and Another v Johnine Winsome Elisie Maddocks N O and Another(1268/2021) [2023] ZASCA 04 (23 January 2023)
  196. South African Reserve Bank v Leathern N O and Others(854/2020) [2021] ZASCA 102
  197. South African Riding for the Disabled Association v Regional Land Claims Commissioner and Others[2017] ZACC 4
  198. South African Social Security Agency and Another v Lion of Africa Life Assurance Company LimitedCase CCT 07/16
  199. South African Social Security Agency and another v Minister of Social Development and others[2018] ZACC 26
  200. South African Transport and Allied Workers Union and Another v Garvas and Others; Congress of South African Trade Unions intervening; Freedom of Expression Institute as Amicus Curiae(CCT 112/11) [2012] ZACC 13