Constitutional Law cases
South African case law on Constitutional Law, with full citations. 3,192 cases — page 12 of 16.
- Preservation and Development of Agricultural Land Act, 2024Act No. 39 of 2024; Government Gazette No. 52009, 29 January 2025
- President of the Republic of South Africa and Another v Hugo1997 (4) SA 1 (CC); 1997 (6) BCLR 708 (CC); CCT 11/96
- President of the Republic of South Africa and Others v M & G Media Limited(CCT 03/11) [2011] ZACC 32
- President of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Quagliani and Others; Goodwin v Director-General, Department of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others(CCT 24/08) [2009] ZACC 1
- President of the Republic of South Africa and Others v South African Dental Association and Another[2015] ZACC 2
- President of the Republic of South Africa and Others v South African Rugby Football Union and OthersCCT 16/98 (Heard 24 November 1998, Decided 2 December 1998)
- President of the Republic of South Africa and Others v South African Rugby Football Union and Others1999 (10) BCLR 725 (CC); 1999 (2) SA 14 (CC) (also reported in earlier proceedings); CCT 16/98 (10 September 1999)
- President of the Republic of South Africa v Democratic Alliance and Others[2019] ZACC 35
- President of the Republic of South Africa v South African Rugby Football UnionCCT 16/98 (delivered 2 December 1998)
- Pretoria Portland Cement Company Limited and Another v The Competition Commission and OthersCase No 64/2001 (SCA)
- Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Act, 2023Act No. 16 of 2023, Government Gazette No. 50652, 14 May 2024
- Primedia Broadcasting (A Division of Primedia (Pty) Ltd) and Others v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others(784/2015) [2016] ZASCA 142 (29 September 2016)
- Prince Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi & Another v Minister of Home Affairs & Others(242/12) [2012] ZASCA 174 (29 November 2012)
- Prince Nyemba v UBM P and L (Pvt) Ltd and OthersHH 665-14, HC 9492/14
- Princeton Protection Services (Pty) Ltd v Western Cape Provincial Government and Others[2024] ZAWCHC 120; [2024] 3 All SA 301 (WCC) (2 May 2024)
- Principal, Mbilwi High School v RM (obo OM)(633/2016) [2017] ZASCA 72
- Pringle v Mailula(773/2023) [2024] ZASCA 146 (25 October 2024)
- Prinsloo v Van der Linde and AnotherCCT 4/96; 1997 (3) SA 1012 (CC); 1997 (6) BCLR 759 (CC)
- Prinsloo v Van der Linde and Another1997 (3) SA 1012 (CC); 1997 (6) BCLR 759 (CC); Case CCT 4/96
- Print Media South Africa and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another(CCT 113/11) [2012] ZACC 22
- Priscah Mupfumira v The StateHH 556-19, B 1252/19
- Privatisation Agency of Zimbabwe and The President of the Republic of Zimbabwe v Ukubambana Kubatana Investments (Private) Limited and Financial Trust of ZimbabweSC 9/03
- Prof Jonathan Moyo and Margret Dongo v President Robert Mugabe N.O. and Zimbabwe Electoral Commission and Minister of Justice Legal and Parliamentary AffairsHH 33-08, HC 609/08
- Progress Office Machines CC v The South African Revenue Service and Others(532/06) [2007] ZASCA 118
- Prophet v National Director of Public Prosecutions(CCT 56/05) [2006] ZACC 17
- Prosec Guards CC v Department of Public Works and Infrastructure and Others[2024] ZAWCHC 139
- Pro Tempo Akademie CC v C S Van der Merwe obo H Van der Merwe(20853/2014) [2016] ZASCA 39
- Provincial Commissioner, Gauteng South African Police Service v Mnguni(890/11) [2013] ZASCA 2 (22 February 2013)
- Provincial Government: North West Province and Another v Tsoga Developers CC and Others[2016] ZACC 9
- Provincial Minister for Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, Western Cape v Municipal Council of the Oudtshoorn Municipality and Others[2015] ZACC 24
- Psychological Society of South Africa v Qwelane and Others[2016] ZACC 48
- Ptrue Bothma v Petrus Arnoldus Els(CCT 21/09) [2009] ZACC 27
- Public Investment Corporation SOC Ltd and Another v Trencon Construction (Pty) Ltd and Another(365/2022) [2023] ZASCA 88 (8 June 2023)
- Public Protector v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service and Others[2020] ZACC 28
- Public Protector v South African Reserve Bank[2019] ZACC 29
- Public Sector Pension and Related Payments Act, 2025Act No. 04 of 2025 (Government Gazette No. 53288, 3 September 2025)
- Public Service Accountability Monitor and N Mkhize v Director General: Office of the Premier: Eastern Cape Provincial Government and Premier of the Eastern Cape Provincial GovernmentCase No: 6047/07
- Qhinga v State(1327/2016) [2017] ZASCA 149
- Qoboshiyane NO v Avusa Publishing Eastern Cape (Pty) Ltd(864/2011) [2012] ZASCA 166 (21 November 2012)
- Qualidental Laboratories (Pty) Ltd v Heritage Western Cape(647/06) [2007] ZASCA 170
- Quantum Foods (Pty) Ltd v Daniel Jansen and OthersLCC88/2021
- Quantum Leap Investments 639 (Pty) Ltd and Another v Minister of Water and Sanitation and OthersCase Number 391/2017, High Court of South Africa, Gauteng Division, Pretoria (Functioning as Mpumalanga Circuit Court, Middleburg), judgment delivered 20 December 2017
- Qwelane v South African Human Rights Commission and Another[2021] ZACC 22
- Radio Pretoria v The Chairperson of the Independent Communications Authority of South AfricaCCT 38/04, decided on 8 December 2004
- Radio Pretoria v The Chairperson of the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa and Another(CCT 38/04) [2004] ZACC 23 (8 December 2004)
- Radio Pretoria v The Chairperson of the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa and AnotherCase no: 402/03 (SCA)
- Raduvha v Minister of Safety and Security and Another[2016] ZACC 24
- Rahim v The Minister of Home Affairs[2015] ZASCA 92 (29 May 2015)
- Rail Commuters Action Group and Others v Transnet Ltd t/a Metrorail and Others2004 CCT 56/03
- Rail Commuters Action Group and Others v Transnet Ltd t/a Metrorail and OthersCase CCT 56/03; 2004 (12) BCLR 1301 (CC); 2005 (2) SA 359 (CC)
- Rajan Naidoo and Others v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Another(CCT 112/10) [2011] ZACC 24
- Rajan Ramnath Sewpersadh v The Minister of Finance(923/2018) [2019] ZASCA 117 (23 September 2019)
- R A Le Sueur and R A Le Sueur N.O. & Others v Ethekwini Municipality and OthersCase No. 9714/11, High Court of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg
- Ralph Daniel Jacobs (in re the Farm Uap) v Department of Land Affairs and Ralph Daniel Jacobs (in re Erf 38) v Department of Land Affairs(1284/16) [2019] ZASCA 122 (26 September 2019)
- Ralph Daniel Jacobs v The Department of Land Affairs and Seven OthersLCC 3/98
- Ramabele v The State; Msimango v The State[2020] ZACC 22
- Ramakatsa and Others v African National Congress and Another(724/2019) [2021] ZASCA 31 (31 March 2021)
- Ramakatsa and Others v Magashule and Others(CCT 109/12) [2012] ZACC 31
- Ramesa Johannes Rathebe v The State(1571/2024) [2025] ZASCA 73 (30 May 2025)
- Ramotswabodi Johannes Sesing v Electoral Commission of South Africa and Others(0033/2024EC) [2024] ZAEC 28 (29 October 2024)
- Ramuhovhi and Others v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others[2017] ZACC 41
- Ramulifho v The State(413/12) [2012] ZASCA 202 (30 November 2012)
- Randburg Management District v West Dunes Properties 141 (Pty) Limited(451/2013) [2015] ZASCA 135
- Randfontein Municipality v Grobler and others(543/08) [2009] ZASCA 129 (29 September 2009)
- Rand Water Board v Big Cedar Trading 22 (Pty) Ltd(1038/15) [2016] ZASCA 177
- Rasmos Pasipanodya v Old Mutual Life Assurance Company Zimbabwe Limited and Zimbabwe Platinum Mines and The Minister of Finance and Economic DevelopmentHH 606-21, HC 7426/20
- Rates Action Group v The City of Cape TownCase No: 16/05 (Reportable)
- Rautenbach & Others v The Governing Body of die Hoërskool DF Malan & Another(073/2024) [2025] ZASCA 78 (4 June 2025)
- Ravele v S(20079/14) [2014] ZASC 118 (19 September 2014)
- Raymond Daniel De Villiers v The State and Regional Magistrate D M Soomaroo(20732/14) [2016] ZASCA 38 (24 March 2016)
- Raymond Majongwe and Others v The President of the Republic of Zimbabwe N.O. and OthersJudgment No. SC 01/20, Civil Appeal No. SC 80/13, X-Ref No. CCZ 12/13
- RD Jackson v DG JacksonCase number: 18/2001
- Realeboga Bosaletse N.O. and Others v The Minister of Mineral Resources and OthersCase No. 1891/2013 (Free State High Court, Bloemfontein)
- Rebecca Lawrence v The State; Rodney Gordon Negal v The State; Magdalena Petronella Solberg v The State1997 (4) SA 1176 (CC); 1997 (10) BCLR 1348 (CC); CCT 38/96, CCT 39/96, CCT 40/96
- Rebecca Mbedzi v Muvhuso Mbedzi and OthersJudgment No. HB 145/11, Case No. 764/11
- Reddell and Others v Mineral Sands Resources (Pty) Ltd and Others[2022] ZACC 38
- Reflect-All 1025 CC and Others v Member of the Executive Council for Public Transport, Roads and Works, Gauteng Provincial Government and Another[2009] ZACC 24
- Regional Land Claims Commissioner and Others v Jazz Spirit 12 (Pty) Ltd and OthersLCC26/10 (7 December 2012)
- Registrar General of Elections and Others v Morgan TsvangiraiS.C. 31/03 (Civil Application No 71/02)
- Registrar-General of Elections & Others v Morgan TsvangiraiS.C. 12/2002 (Civil Appeal No 30/2002)
- Registrar General of Elections v Combined Harare Residents Association and AnotherHH 27-2002
- Reinford Sinegugu Zukulu v Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs and OthersCase No: 18553/12 (unreported, Gauteng Division, Pretoria)
- Relebohile Cecilia Rafoneke and Others v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others[2022] ZACC 29
- Remember Moyo and Gilbert Moyo v The StateJudgment No. HB 26/2002, Case No. HCB 18/2002
- Renee Anne Hale (nee Swanepoel) v Marcus Hamilton HaleHH 271-14, HC 3923/13
- Renier Albertus Hermanus Engelbrecht v The Road Accident Fund and The Minister of Transport(CCT 57/06) [2007] ZACC 1
- Republican Press (Pty) Ltd v CEPPWAWU & Gumede and Others[2007] ZASCA 121
- Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe v Holbud LimitedHH 583-21, HC 4756/20 (Ref Case No. HC 4763/20)
- Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe v Seedco International Limited and OthersJudgment No. HB 67/11, Case No. HC 1228/11
- Residents of Joe Slovo Community, Western Cape v Thubelisha Homes(CCT 22/08) [2011] ZACC 8
- Resultant Finance (Pty) Ltd v Head of Department for the Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal and Another(62/2019) [2020] ZASCA 87 (16 July 2020)
- Reverend Clement Nyathi v The Trustees for the Time Being of the Apostolic Faith Mission of Africa and OthersHH 417-25; HCH 3949/24
- Reward Kangai v Tafadzwa Sakarombe & OrsHH 580-22, HC 4580/21
- R Februarie v A Phillips and Others(0037/2024EC) [2024] ZAEC 25 (24 October 2024)
- R. H Greaves (Pvt) Ltd v The Minister of Lands and Rural Resettlement and OthersJudgment No. HB 44/10, Case No. HC 1033/10
- Rica Piggery and Abattoir (Pty) Ltd v Phatsoane Moses DirelloLCC 07R/2010 (Magistrate's Court Case Number: 92/2010)
- Richard Chingodza v Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe and OthersHH 430-18, HC 5373/17
- Richard Ditshele Molimi v The State(CCT 10/07) [2008] ZACC 2
- Richard Gordon Volks NO v Ethel RobinsonCase CCT 12/04 (21 February 2005)
- Richard Masendeke v The StateHH 577-21, CRB MTKP 545/20
- Richard Mokoena v The State(563/08) [2009] ZASCA 14 (19 March 2009)
- Richard Musurudzwa v The StateHH 369-19, CA 254/16, CRB R45/09
- Richard Paul Ernest Odendaal v Registrar-General of Zimbabwe and OthersHH 207-19, HC 7164/18
- Richard Thomas Etheredge v The Minister of State for National Security Responsible for Lands, Land Reform and Resettlement and Senator Edna MadzongweHH 16-2009, HC 3295/08
- Richmore Usayi v The StateHH 111/21, B1856/20, Ref Con 354/20, CRB R 845/15
- Richter v Minister for Home Affairs and Others[2009] ZACC 3
- Ricky Nelson Mawere and David Nyabando v The Central Intelligence OrganisationJudgment No. SC 30/07, Civil Application No. 229/06
- Rikhotso v Premier, Limpopo Province and Others[2021] ZACC 1
- Rinaldo Investments (Pty) Ltd v Giant Concerts CC(311/2011) [2012] ZASCA 34 (29 March 2012)
- Rio Zim Limited v Minister of Defence and War Veterans Affairs (N.O) and Minister of Mines and Mining DevelopmentHH 500-21, HC 8946/18
- Riozim Limited v Zimbabwe Diamond & Allied Minerals Workers' Union and OthersHH 526/25; HCH 4204/25
- Rita Marque Mbatha v Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries and The Sheriff of ZimbabweHH 180-20, HC 638/20
- R.K. v I.K.[2024] ZAWCHC 306
- RMR Commodity Enterprise CC t/a Krass Blankets v The Chairman of the Bid Adjudication Committee(092/08) [2009] ZASCA 2
- Road Accident Fund and Others v Legal Practitioners' Indemnity Insurance Fund, NPC and Others[2026] ZASCA 63
- Road Accident Fund and Others v Mabunda Incorporated and Others; Minister of Transport v Road Accident Fund and Others(1147/2020) [2022] ZASCA 169
- Road Accident Fund v Makwetlane(649/02) [2005] ZASCA 14
- Road Accident Fund v Mohohlo(882/16) [2017] ZASCA 155
- Road Accident Fund v Rampukar / Road Accident Fund v Gumede(543/06) [2007] ZASCA 148
- Road Accident Fund v R E MothupiCase number 518/98 (Supreme Court of Appeal, delivered 29 May 2000)
- Road Accident Fund v Sarah Wilson Lewis(1209/2023) [2025] ZASCA 174 (18 November 2025)
- Road Accident Fund v Vusumzi Mdeyide (Minister for Transport Intervening)(CCT 10/10) [2010] ZACC 18
- Road Traffic Management Corporation v Tasima (Pty) Limited; Tasima (Pty) Limited v Road Traffic Management Corporation[2020] ZACC 21
- Road Traffic Management Corporation v Tasima (Pty) LtdCase no: JA10/19
- Road Traffic Management Corporation v Waymark Infotech (Pty) Limited[2018] ZACC 12
- Robarts Flagship Trust v Drakenstein Municipality[2024] ZAWCHC 140
- Robert Dombodzvuku and Arthur Shingai Mutasa v V Sithole N.O. and The Attorney-GeneralHH 174-2004, HC 482/04
- Robert Edward Kuipers v Kirsty Leigh KuipersHH 687-14, HC 2269/14
- Robert Kweyunga Kwesiga and Sande Hilda Kwesiga v Prosecutor General and OthersSC 58/25, Civil Appeal No. SC 333/24
- Robert Madamombe v Commissioner General of Police and OthersHB227-16, HC 1217-16, XREF HC 1218-16
- Robert Martin Gumbura v The StateHH 231-14, B 346/14
- Robert Martin Gumbura v The StateSC 78/2014 (Civil Appeal No. SC 349/14)
- Robert Matshikwe, Magistrate, Stutterheim v Mbulelo Clement Erasmus MashiyaCase no: 102/2002
- Robert McBride v Minister of Police and Another[2016] ZACC 30
- Robert M Gumbura and 6 Others v Francis Mapfumo N.O and AnotherJudgment No. SC 10/22, Civil Appeal No. SC 333/19
- Robert Morley Tindwa v ZB BankHH 736-19, HC 8827/19
- Robertson Khulekani Koti and Others v The StateHB 136/20, HCB 170/20 (XREF CRB 06-08/20)
- Robert Van Nell and Sam Bekker v The StateCCT 3/98
- Robinson Township v. Commonwealth of PennsylvaniaNo. 284 M.D. 2012 (Pa. Cmwlth. July 17, 2014)
- Robson Chapfika v Reserve Bank of ZimbabweHH 77-2007, HC 6416/05
- Roger Deane Stringer v The Chairperson Zimbabwe Electoral Commission and OthersHH 41-2007, HC 6350/06
- Ronald Bobroff & Partners Inc v De La Guerre; South African Association of Personal Injury Lawyers v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development[2014] ZACC 2
- Ronald Davison Mugangavari v Provincial Mining Director – Midlands N.O. and K & G Mining SyndicateHB 63/20, HC 1776/19
- Ronald Kandemiri & Ors v First Capital Bank LimitedCCZ 18-25 (Const. Application No. CCZ 25/25)
- Ronald Magweta and Women's Academy for Leadership and Political Excellence v Minister of Health and Child Care and OthersHH 35-22, HC 3997/20
- Ronia Gora and 44 Others v Tafara Infrastructural Development Consortium and City of HarareHH 352-22, HC 3061/21
- Rory Vashon Wheeler v Registrar General of Citizenship and OthersHH 181-20, HC 5919/19
- Rosemary Chinjayani v Minister of Home Affairs and OthersHH 76-10, HC 2245/10
- Rosina Mankone Komape and Others v Minister of Basic Education and Others(754/2018) [2019] ZASCA 192
- Route Toute BV and Others v Susnspun Bananas (Pvt) Ltd and AnotherHH 27/2010; HC 6127/10
- Rowland and Others v Logos Carriers CC(376/2024) [2026] ZASCA 36 (24 March 2026)
- Roy Leslie Bennett v Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (in his capacity as the Speaker of the Parliament of Zimbabwe) and OthersJudgment No SC 75/05; Civil Application No 16/05
- Roy Leslie Bennett v The Parliament of Zimbabwe and OthersHH 24-2005; HC 887/05
- Roy Leslie Bennett v The StateHIGH COURT OF ZIMBABWE, HARARE, 16 September 2009
- Roy Nyabvure v Hilda Kirimi and Hilda Kirimi v Roy NyabvureHH 120-15, HC 778/15 and HC 795/15
- R.S v J.S2024 (6) SA 609 (WCC)
- Ruby Charmaine Marais v The State(CCT 54/10) [2010] ZACC 16
- Rudolph v Minister of Safety and Security(380/2008) [2009] ZASCA 39 (31 March 2009)
- Rula Tecno Park (Pty) Ltd v Moses Khuzwayo Mahlangu and OthersLCC66R/2015
- Rula Tecno Park (Pty) Ltd v Moses Khuzwayo Mahlangu and OthersLCC66R/2015 (unreported)
- Rural Maintenance (Pty) Limited and Another v Maluti-A-Phofung Local Municipality[2016] ZACC 37
- Rustenburg Local Municipality v Vincent Mdango and OthersRustenburg Local Municipality v Vincent Mdango (937/13) ZASCA 83 [30 May 2014]
- Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited and Another v The Regional Manager, Limpopo Region, Department of Mineral Resources and Others(1109/2020) [2022] ZASCA 157 (18 November 2022)
- Ruta v Minister of Home Affairs[2018] ZACC 52
- Rutsate v Ndaveni Wedzerai and OthersSC 45/22, Civil Appeal No. SC 557/19
- SAAB Grintek Defence (Pty) Ltd v South African Police Service(316/2015) [2016] ZASCA 104 (5 July 2016)
- SA Bank of Athens Limited v May van ZylCase No 431/03 (SCA, unreported judgment delivered 21 February 2005)
- SA Bank of Athens Limited v May Van Zyl(431/03) [2005] ZASCA 13 (21 February 2005)
- S A Fakie, NO v CCII Systems (Pty) Ltd(653/2004) [2006] ZASCA 54
- Saidex (Pty) Ltd and Others v The Minister of Minerals and Energy NO and Others(49/10) [2011] ZASCA 102 (1 June 2011)
- Saldanha Bay Municipality v Uni-Faith Ministries and Others[2024] ZAWCHC 18
- Salem Party Club v Salem Community(20626/14) [2016] ZASCA 203 (13 December 2016)
- Sali v National Commissioner of the South African Police Service and Others[2014] ZACC 19
- Samson Mutero v The StateSC 53/18; Civil Appeal No SC 340/15
- Samuel K. Cawood and Joco Ranch (Pvt) Ltd v Kanyiso Mbedzi and O. G. DubeJudgment No. HB 31/2002, Case No. HC 2118/2001
- Samuel Misi v Commissioner General of Police (N.O) and Police Service CommissionHH 667-18, HC 4952/17
- Samuel Nyakudya v O.R Tambo District MunicipalityCase No.: 862/2024 (Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
- Samuels v South African Legal Practice Council (formerly Law Society of the Northern Provinces)(1112/2021) [2022] ZASCA 175 (7 December 2022)
- Samuel Undenge v Bongani UndengeHH 955-15, CIV "A" 264/15
- Samukeliso Moyo and Lewis Masunda v Athletics ZimbabweHH 205-02, HC 9316/02
- Sandile Local Residents and Others v MEC for the Department of Transport Safety and Liaison and AnotherCase No.: 4894/2023 (High Court of South Africa, Eastern Cape Division, Mthatha)
- Sandvliet Boerdery (Pty) Ltd v Maria Mampies & another(107/2018) [2019] ZASCA 100 (8 July 2019)
- Sankie Mthembi-Mahanyele v Mail & Guardian Limited and Philip van NiekerkCase No: 054/2003 (SCA)
- Sanoj Jeewan v Transnet SOC Limited and Another(696/2023) [2024] ZASCA 108
- SAP SE v Systems Applications Consultants (Pty) Ltd t/a Securinfo and Another(376/2022) [2024] ZASCA 26 (20 March 2024)
- SASBO The Finance Union obo Johannes Petrus Fourie v Nedbank LimitedCASE NO: J 2011/19
- Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and AnotherCCT 48/02 (Constitutional Court, decided 17 March 2003)
- Save Lake Peigneur, Inc. v. Secretary, Louisiana Department of Natural ResourcesDocket No. 122358, 16th Judicial District Court, Parish of Iberia, Louisiana (23 September 2014)
- Savoi and Others v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Another[2014] ZACC 5
- Sayed v The State(530/2017) [2017] ZASCA 156 (24 November 2017)
- Scagell and Others v Attorney-General of the Western Cape and OthersCCT 42/95
- Scalabrini Centre, Cape Town and Others v The Minister of Home Affairs and Others(1107/2016) [2017] ZASCA 126
- Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others[2024] ZAWCHC 263
- Schabir Shaik and Others v The State(CCT 86/06) [2008] ZACC 7
- Schoombee and Another v The State[2016] ZACC 50
- Schubart Park Residents' Association and Others v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Another(CCT 23/12) [2012] ZACC 26
- Schultz v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others(76/2023) [2024] ZASCA 77 (23 May 2024)
- Sea Front For All v The MEC: Environmental and Development Planning, Western Cape Provincial GovernmentCase No: 15974/07 [Western Cape High Court, Cape Town]
- Secona Freight Logistics CC v Samie and Others(1074/2022) [2023] ZASCA 183 (22 December 2023)
- Second Adjustments Appropriation (2023/24 Financial Year) Act, 2024Act No. 18 of 2024 (Government Gazette No. 50625, 7 May 2024)