Cases from Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa
Every reported judgment from Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa indexed on CaseNotes. 3,478 cases — page 2 of 18.
- Bantry Construction Services (Pty) Ltd v Raydin Investments (Pty) Ltd(128/08) [2009] ZASCA 10 (17 March 2009)
- Bapedi Marota Mamone v The Commission of Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims & others(260/13) [2014] ZASCA 30 (28 March 2014)
- Barend Jacobus Du Toit NO v Errol Thomas NO(635/15) [2016] ZASCA 94 (1 June 2016)
- Barko Financial Services (Pty) Limited v National Credit Regulator(415/13) [2014] ZASCA 114 (18 September 2014)
- Barloworld Capital (Pty) Ltd trading as Barloworld Equipment Finance v RS Napier NO(509/04) [2006] ZASCA 48
- Barnes v Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality and Another(996/2020) [2022] ZASCA 77 (30 May 2022)
- Barnett and Others v Minister of Land Affairs and Others(304/06) [2007] ZASCA 95
- Barrows v Benning(67/11) [2012] ZASCA 10
- Baseline Civil Contractors (Pty) Ltd v The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service(893/2024) [2026] ZASCA 20 (24 February 2026)
- Basfour 3327 (Pty) Ltd v Thwala and Others(1008/2023) [2025] ZASCA 105 (18 July 2025)
- Basie Motors BK t/a Boulevard Motors v Minister of Safety and Security(135/05) [2006] ZASCA 35
- Basil A Holford v Carleo Enterprises (Pty) Ltd and Others(977/2013) [2014] ZASCA 195 (28 November 2014)
- Basil Nel NO and 2 Others v The Master of the High Court and 2 OthersCase No. 290/2000, SCA, delivered 8 March 2002
- Bassani Mining (Pty) Ltd v Sebosat (Pty) Ltd & others(835/2020) [2021] ZASCA 126 (29 September 2021)
- Basson v Niemann(150/2012) [2012] ZASCA 203 (30 November 2012)
- Bastian Financial Services (Pty) Ltd v General Hendrik Schoeman Primary School(207/07) [2008] ZASCA 70
- Bata Limited v Face Fashions CCCase number: 206/98
- Bateman Equipment Ltd and Another v The Wren Group (Pty) LtdCase No. 480/97 (Judgment delivered 29 November 1999)
- Bath v Bath(952/12) [2014] ZASCA 14 (24 March 2014)
- Bay Centre Investments (Pty) Limited v The Town Council of the Borough of Richards BayCase No: 477/2003
- Bayer Pharma AG (formerly Bayer Schering Pharma AG) v Pharma Dynamics (Pty) Ltd(1066/2013) [2014] ZASCA 201 (28 November 2014)
- Bayly v Knowles(174/09) [2010] ZASCA 18 (18 March 2010)
- Bayport Securitisation Limited and Another v University of Stellenbosch Law Clinic and Others(507/2020) [2021] ZASCA 156 (4 November 2021)
- Bayport Securitisation RF Ltd v Noluvuyo Sakata(1320/17) [2019] ZASCA 73 (30 May 2019)
- B Braun Medical (Pty) Ltd v Ambasaam CC(757/2013) [2014] ZASCA 199 (28 November 2014)
- BBS Empangeni CC v Phoenix Industrial Park (Pty) Ltd(203/2011) [2012] ZASCA 33 (29 March 2012)
- Beadica 231 CC v Sale's Hire CC(1191/2018) [2020] ZASCA 76 (30 June 2020)
- Be Bop A Lula Manufacturing & Printing CC v Kingtex Marketing (Pty) Ltd[2007] SCA 162 RSA (Case number: 042/07)
- Bechan and Another v SARS Customs Investigations Unit and Others(1196/2022) [2024] ZASCA 20 (05 March 2024)
- Bedford Square Properties (Pty) Ltd v Erf 179 Bedfordview (Pty) Ltd
- Beetge v The State(925/12) [2013] ZASCA 1 (11 February 2013)
- Beijers v Harlequin Duck Properties 231 (Pty) Ltd t/a Office Space Online(1216/2017) [2019] ZASCA 89 (31 May 2019)
- Belet Industries CC t/a Belet Cellular v MTN Service Provider (Pty) Ltd(936/2013) [2014] ZASCA 181 (24 November 2014)
- Bengwenyama-Ya-Maswazi and others v Minister of Mineral Resources and others
- Benhaus Mining (Proprietary) Limited v The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service(165/2018) [2019] ZASCA 17 (22 March 2019)
- Bennett Madala Mkhatswa v Minister of DefenceCase No: 413/97 (Supreme Court of Appeal)
- Bertie Van Zyl (Pty) Limited t/a ZZ2 and Others v Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Others(549/2020) [2021] ZASCA 101 (14 July 2021)
- Bester and Others NNO v Gouws and Others(851/2019) [2020] ZASCA 174
- Beukes v Ten Four Consulting (Pty) Ltd and Others(570/2020) [2021] ZASCA 83 (17 June 2021)
- B[…] E[…] v N[…] T[…] and Others(505/2025) [2026] ZASCA 25 (11 March 2026)
- Beyond Platinum (Pty) Ltd v Ellies Electronics (Pty) Ltd(73/2020) [2020] ZASCA 154 (27 November 2020)
- Bezuidenhout v BezuidenhoutCase number: 364/2003 (also reported as Bezuidenhout v Bezuidenhout 2003 (6) SA 691 (C) - the High Court judgment)
- BG Bojosinyane & Associates v Sheriff: Michael Smith and Another(1072/22) [2023] ZASCA 174 (8 December 2023)
- BID Industrial Holdings (Pty) Ltd v John Francis Roderick Strang and Another(615/06) [2007] ZASCA 144
- Bidoli v Bidoli & another(436/10) [2011] ZASCA 82 (27 May 2011)
- Bidvest Protea Coin Security (Pty) Ltd v Mandla Wellem Mabena(986/2023) [2025] ZASCA 23 (26 March 2025)
- Big Five Duty Free (Pty) Limited v Airports Company South Africa Limited(1064/2016) [2017] ZASCA 110 (15 September 2017)
- Biotech Laboratories (Pty) Ltd v Beecham Group PLC and AnotherCase No 494/2000
- Biyela v Minister of Police(1017/2020) [2022] ZASCA 36 (01 April 2022)
- B J V Durandt v Fedsure General Insurance LtdCase no: 421/03
- Blaauwberg Meat Wholesalers CC v Anglo Dutch Meats (Exports) LimitedCase no: 442/2002
- Blair Atholl Homeowners Association v The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality(20634/2014) [2015] ZASCA 195 (1 December 2015)
- Blakes Maphanga Incorporated v Outsurance Insurance Company Limited(144/09) [2010] ZASCA 19 (19 March 2010)
- Blendrite (Pty) Ltd and Another v Moonisami and Another(227/2020) [2021] ZASCA 77
- Blom v Brown(345/10) [2011] ZASCA 54 (31 March 2011)
- Blose v Ethekwini Municipality[2015] ZASCA 87 (29 May 2015)
- Blucher Hauman Mellet N O and Others v Marais Rocco Vermeulen and Another(1049/2021) [2022] ZASCA 176 (07 December 2022)
- Blue Chip 2 (Pty) Ltd t/a Blue Chip 49 v Cedrick Dean Ryneveldt & 26 Others(499/15) [2016] ZASCA 98 (03 June 2016)
- Blue Lion Manufacturing (Pty) Ltd v National Brands LimitedCase No. 286/2000
- BMW South Africa (Pty) Ltd v The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service(1156/18) [2019] ZASCA 107 (6 September 2019)
- Board of Executors Ltd v Neil McCaffertyCase No. 442/97
- Board of Governors of Mitchell House School and Others v Maluleke[2025] ZASCA 15 (25 February 2025)
- Body Corporate of Greenacres v Greenacres Unit 17 CC(521/06) [2007] ZASCA 152
- Body Corporate of Marine Sands v Extra Dimensions 121 (Pty) Ltd(1082/2018) [2019] ZASCA 161 (28 November 2019)
- Body Corporate of the Pinewood Park Scheme No. 202 v Dellis (Pty) Limited(498/11) [2012] ZASCA 105 (1 June 2012)
- BOE Bank Limited v City of Tshwane Metropolitan MunicipalityCase number: 240/2003
- BOE Bank Limited v J J Bassage(445/2004) [2006] ZASCA 50
- BOE Bank Ltd t/a BOE Corporate v The Grange Timber Farming Co (Pty) Ltd(252/2006) [2007] ZASCA 4
- BoE Bank Ltd v RiesCase No. 247/2000 (SCA, delivered 27 November 2001)
- BoE Trust Limited NO and Others (in their capacities as co-trustees of the Jean Pierre De Villiers Trust 5208/2006)(846/11) [2012] ZASCA 147 (28 September 2012)
- Bokoni Platinum Mines (Pty) Ltd v Abram Moropane(1035/2019) [2020] ZASCA 168 (11 December 2020)
- Bonatla Property Holdings Ltd (in liquidation) v Ruitersvlei Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Another(770/2024) [2026] ZASCA 26 (11 March 2026)
- Bondev Midrand (Pty) Limited v Puling Puling and Tapiwanashe Puling; Bondev Midrand (Pty) Limited v Petrus Kgosi Ramokgopa(802/2016) [2017] ZASCA 141
- Bongi Biyela v The State(859/10) [2011] ZASCA 43 (29 March 2011)
- Bonginkosi Ellen Khumalo v J C PotgieterCase Number: 177/99 (Supreme Court of Appeal)
- Bongokwakhe Bonginkosi Mvubu v The State(518/2016) [2016] ZASCA 184 (29 November 2016)
- Bonheur 76 General Trading (Pty) Ltd and Others v Caribbean Estates (Pty) Ltd and Others(116/10) [2011] ZASCA 19
- Bonile Ningi and Zolile Mabadi v The StateCase No 127/99
- Bonugli v Standard Bank of South Africa Limited(266/11) [2012] ZASCA 48 (30 March 2012)
- Born Free Investments 247 (Pty) Ltd v Kriel NO(1183/17) [2019] ZASCA 21 (26 March 2019)
- Botha v Iveco South Africa (Pty) Ltd(430/11) [2012] ZASCA 78 (28 May 2012)
- Botha v Law Society of the Northern Provinces(50/08) [2009] ZASCA 13 (19 March 2009)
- Botha v Road Accident Fund(463/2015) [2016] ZASCA 97 (2 June 2016)
- Botha v S(901/2016) [2017] ZASCA 148 (8 November 2017)
- Botha v S[2009] ZASCA 125 (29 September 2009)
- Botha v Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd(445/2018) [2019] ZASCA 108 (6 September 2019)
- Botha v The Law Society of the Northern Provinces(446/2007) [2008] ZASCA 106 (23 September 2008)
- Bothma-Batho Transport (Pty) Limited and Another v Nedbank Limited(223/2014) [2015] ZASCA 31
- Boundary Financing Limited v Protea Property Holdings (Pty) Limited(597/07) [2008] ZASCA 139 (27 November 2008)
- Bouwer and Another NNO v Master of the High Court, Pretoria(916/2022) [2023] ZASCA 135 (19 October 2023)
- Bowring NO v Vrededorp Properties CC(271/2006) [2007] ZASCA 80
- Boxer Superstores Mthatha v Mbenya[2007] ZASCA 79
- BP Southern Africa (Pty) Limited v Mahmood Investments (Pty) Limited(683/2008) [2009] ZASCA 153 (27 November 2009)
- BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service(801/2022) [2024] ZASCA 2 (12 January 2024)
- BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd v The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services(60/06) [2007] ZASCA 7
- Bradley Syster & Justin Van Reenen v The State(126/2014) [2014] ZASCA 215 (01 December 2014)
- Brain Gear Investments (Pty) Ltd and Others v Buhle Waste (Pty) Ltd and Another[2024] ZASCA 168 (5 December 2024)
- Brand House (Pty) Ltd v Sasfin Bank Ltd and Brandhouse Beverages (Pty) Ltd v Sasfin Bank Ltd(530/07) [2008] ZASCA 96 (16 September 2008)
- Brayton Carlswald (Pty) Ltd & another v Gordon Donald Brews(245/2016) [2017] ZASCA 68 (31 May 2017)
- Breakers Share Block Limited v Ethekwini Municipality(804/2015) [2016] ZASCA 117 (14 September 2016)
- Breda NO v The Master of the High Court, Kimberley(20537/2014) [2015] ZASCA 166 (26 November 2015)
- Brendan Solly Ndlovu v The State(204/2014) [2014] ZASCA 149 (26 September 2014)
- Brian St Clair Cooper NO and Others v South African Mutual Life Assurance Society and OthersCase No: 528/98
- Brink v Premier of the Free State(256/08) [2009] ZASCA 16 (19 March 2009)
- British American Tobacco South Africa (Pty) Limited v Minister of Health(463/2011) [2012] ZASCA 107
- Brits v Kommandantsdrift CC and Others(143/2021) [2022] ZASCA 41 (05 April 2022)
- Britz v S(889/2015) [2016] ZASCA 86 (31 May 2016)
- Britz v S(613/09) [2010] ZASCA 71 (27 May 2010)
- Brocsand (Pty) Ltd v Tip Trans Resources (Pty) Ltd and Others(925/2019) [2020] ZASCA 144 (4 November 2020)
- Brodsky Trading 224CC v Cronimet Chrome Mining SA (Pty) Ltd(39/2016) [2016] ZASCA 175 (25 November 2016)
- Brompton Court Body Corporate SS119/2006 v Christina Fundiswa Khumalo(398/2017) [2018] ZASCA 27 (23 March 2018)
- Brookstein v Brookstein(20808/14) [2016] ZASCA 40 (24 March 2016)
- Brooks v Minister of Safety and Security(036/08) [2008] ZASCA 141 (27 November 2008)
- Brossy v Brossy[2012] ZASCA 151 (28 September 2012)
- Bruce Bennet Bell v The Road Accident Fund(121/06) [2007] ZASCA 83
- Bruce Ehrlich v The StateAppeal no 309/02
- Bruce-Lee Lutchman Naidoo v The State(403/09) [2010] ZASCA 40 (30 March 2010)
- BSB International Link CC v Readam South Africa (Pty) Ltd(279/2015) [2016] ZASCA 58 (13 April 2016)
- BS v PS(291/2017) [2018] ZASCA 37 (28 March 2018)
- Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd v Bromine Compounds Limited(655/06) [2008] ZASCA 37 (28 March 2008)
- Budge & others v Glyn-Cuthbert & others(1046/16) [2018] ZASCA 18 (16 March 2018)
- Buffalo City Municipality v Willy GaussCase No: 5/04 (SCA)
- Buffalo Freight Systems (Pty) Ltd v Crestleigh Trading (Pty) Ltd(311/09) [2010] ZASCA 66 (24 May 2010)
- Bulkship Union SA v Qannas Shipping Company Ltd and Another (MV 'Cape Courage')(339/08) [2009] ZASCA 74
- Burger & Wallace Construction (Pty) Ltd v Ballprop Ten (Pty) Ltd(406/10) [2011] ZASCA 136 (23 September 2011)
- Burg Trailers SA (Pty) Limited and Morgan Brothers CC v Absa Bank Limited and OthersCase No 145/02
- Bushi Mike Machaba & Elvis Boy Mbuyane v The State(20401/2014) [2015] ZASCA 60 (8 April 2015)
- Bushy Vincent Kekana v The State(498/2015) [2015] ZASCA 194 (1 December 2015)
- Buthelezi v Ndaba(575/2012) [2013] ZASCA 72 (29 May 2013)
- Butler v Van Zyl(554/13) [2014] ZASCA 81 (30 May 2014)
- BW Brightwater Way Props (Pty) Ltd v Eastern Cape Development Corporation(1235/2019) [2021] ZASCA 47 (19 April 2021)
- Cadac (Pty) Ltd v Weber Stephen Products Company(530/09) [2010] ZASCA 105 (16 September 2010)
- Cadbury (Pty) Limited v Beacon Sweets & Chocolates (Pty) Limited and The Registrar of Trade MarksCase No. 573/97 (Supreme Court of Appeal, delivered 16 March 2000)
- Caine Bros (Pty) Limited t/a Triple A Beef v The Development Tribunal for KwaZulu-Natal and Others(471/2015) [2016] ZASCA 81 (30 May 2016)
- Caledon River Properties (Pty) Ltd t/a Magwa Construction and Another v Special Investigating Unit and Another(375/2024) [2026] ZASCA 05 (16 January 2026)
- Cameron Stewart Malcolm v Premier, Western Cape Government(207/2013) [2014] ZASCA 9 (14 March 2014)
- Camps Bay Ratepayers' and Residents' Association and Another v Harrison and Another(560/08) [2010] ZASCA 3
- Cape Empowerment Trust Limited v Fisher Hoffman Sithole(200/11) [2013] ZASCA 16 (20 March 2013)
- Cape Explosive Works Limited v Denel (Pty) LtdCase No: 60/99, [2001] (reported in 1999 (2) SA 419 (T) - court a quo)
- Cape Group Construction (Pty) Ltd t/a Forbes Waterproofing v The Government of the United KingdomCase No: 99/2002 (SCA)
- Cape Killarney Property Investments (Proprietary) Limited v Mahamba and OthersCase No: 495/99; [2001] SCA; also reported as Cape Killarney Property Investment (Propriety) Ltd v Mahamba and others 2000 (2) SA 67 (C)
- Cape Produce Co (Port Elizabeth) (Pty) Ltd v Dal Maso, RM, NO and Schoeman, PN, NOCase no: 120/2001
- Capricorn District Municipality and Another v The South African National Civic Organisation(237/2013) [2014] ZASCA 39 (31 March 2014)
- Capri Oro (Pty) Limited and Others v The Commissioner of Customs & Excise and Others483/99, [2001] (Supreme Court of Appeal, delivered 7 September 2001)
- Caratco (Pty) Ltd v Independent Advisory (Pty) Ltd(982/18) [2020] ZASCA 17 (25 March 2020)
- Carl Christo Halgryn v The StateCase No 409/2001
- Carl Roberts v Additional Magistrate for the District of Johannesburg, Mr Van Den Berg and The Attorney General of the WitwatersrandCase No 548/97
- Carmel Trading Company Limited v The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service(447/07) [2007] ZASCA 160
- Carolus v The State(32/07) [2008] ZASCA 14 (20 March 2008)
- Carstens NO and Others v Carstens(409/11) [2012] ZASCA 62 (10 May 2012)
- Cartoria Motor Industries (Pty) Ltd v J J Swanepoel(487/2005) [2006] ZASCA 58
- C A R v The Central Authority of The Republic of South Africa and Another(737/2023) [2024] ZASCA 103 (21 June 2024)
- Casadobe Props 60 (Pty) Ltd v Fratelli Martini Secondo Luigi SpA(759/2023) [2025] ZASCA 14 (25 February 2025)
- Cash Paymaster Services (Pty) Ltd v Chief Executive Officer of the South African Social Security Agency and others(1029/2018) [2019] ZASCA 131 (30 September 2019)
- Casino Enterprises (Pty) Ltd (Swaziland) v The Gauteng Gambling Board(91/07) [2008] ZASCA 31 (28 March 2008)
- Casino Enterprises (Pty) Ltd v The Gauteng Gambling Board(653/10) [2011] ZASCA 155 (28 September 2011)
- Cassimjee v Minister of Finance(455/11) [2012] ZASCA 101 (1 June 2012)
- Cassim v Voyager Property Management (Pty) Ltd(574/10) [2011] ZASCA 143 (23 September 2011)
- Catherine Claris Cilliers NO & others v Edward Ellis & another(200/2016) [2017] ZASCA 13 (17 March 2017)
- CC Groenewald NO v M5 Developments (Cape) (Pty) Ltd(283/09) [2010] ZASCA 47
- CDH Invest NV v Petrotank South Africa (Pty) Ltd and others(483/2018) [2019] ZASCA 53
- Cecil Baartman and Others v Port Elizabeth MunicipalityCase number: 464/2002
- Cecil Nurse (Pty) Ltd v Nkola(176/2006) [2007] ZASCA 154
- Cedric Meyer v Iscor Pension FundCase number: 391/2001
- Cedric York v The State70/2001
- Cell C (Pty) Limited v Gervas Mpandlana Bhekisisa ZuluCase number: 593/04
- Cellular Insurance Managers (Pty) Ltd v Foschini Retail Group (Pty) Limited(456/2010) [2011] ZASCA 85 (27 May 2011)
- Cenprop Real Estate (Pty) Ltd v Holtzhauzen(520/2021) [2022] ZASCA 183 (19 December 2022)
- Centaur Mining South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Cloete Murray N O and Others(1334/2022) [2024] ZASCA 34 (28 March 2024)
- Central Developments Tshwane (Pty) Ltd and Another v Body Corporate of Twee Riviere Aftree Oord2020] ZASCA 107; Case no: 635/2019
- Centre for Child Law and Others v South African Council for Educators and Others(1289/2022) [2024] ZASCA 45 (9 April 2024)
- Centriq Insurance Company Limited v Oosthuizen & another(237/2018) [2019] ZASCA 11 (14 March 2019)
- Certain Underwriters of Lloyds of London v Theresa HarrisonCASE NO: 24/2003
- C E Van Wetten and Another v K A Bosch and OthersCase No: 402/2002
- CGU Insurance Limited v Rumdel Construction (Pty) LimitedCase No 323/2002
- Chairperson, Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board and Another v Vukani Gaming Eastern Cape (Pty) Ltd and Others(1338/2019; 1366/2019; 119/2020) [2021] ZASCA 180
- Chairperson of the Western Cape Gambling and Racing Board and Others v Goldrush Group Management (Pty) Ltd and Another(660/2022) [2023] ZASCA 148 (10 November 2023)
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa v The Compensation Commissioner for Occupational Diseases(448/11) [2012] ZASCA 87
- Chapman's Bay Estate Home Owners' Association v Lötter and Others(525/2023) [2024] ZASCA 153 (12 November 2024)
- Charles Mogale, Johnnic Publishing Limited & NAP Publications, and Allied Publishing Limited v Ephraim SeimaCase No 575/04
- Charles Richard Johnson v Hirotec (Pty) LtdCase number: 383/98
- Charlton v Parliament of the Republic of South Africa(680/2010) [2011] ZASCA 132 (16 September 2011)
- Chater Developments (Pty) Ltd (in liquidation) v Waterkloof Marina Estates (Pty) Ltd and H A Marais[2014] ZASCA 198 (28 November 2014)
- Chauke Hlayisani Ronny and Nhleko Lungelo Jackson v The State(70/12) [2012] ZASCA 143
- Chauke v The State(578/2015) [2015] ZASCA 181 (30 November 2015)
- Chauke v The State(807/2019) [2020] ZASCA 68 (18 June 2020)
- Checkers Supermarket v Lindsay(123/2008) [2009] ZASCA 26 (27 March 2009)
- Chester v Snowy Owl Properties 142 (Pty) Ltd and Another(23/2020) [2021] ZASCA 30 (30 March 2021)
- Chetty v The State(742/12) [2013] ZASCA 6 (14 March 2013)
- Chevron Engineering (Pty) Ltd v Nkambule, Joseph and 23 OthersCase number: 68/2002
- Chevron Engineering (Pty) Ltd v Nkambule, Joseph and 23 OthersCase Number 68/2002
- China Andrew Kwenamore v The StateCase No: 383/2002
- Chinaz Septoo obo J M Septoo & M Septoo v The Road Accident Fund(058/2017) [2017] ZASCA 164 (29 November 2017)
- Chipkin (Natal) (Pty) Limited v The Commissioner for the SA Revenue ServiceCase number: 190/04
- Chithi and Others; In re: Luhlwini Mchunu Community v Hancock and Others(Case No. 423/2020) [2021] ZASCA 123 (23 September 2021)
- C H J Barnard N.O. v Die Regspersoon van AminieSaak no: 417/99
- Chonco v The State(1247/2018) [2019] ZASCA 75 (30 May 2019)
- Christensen N O and Another v De Magalhaes(763/2024) [2025] ZASCA 193 (15 December 2025)
- Christiaan De Jongh v Pieter Johannes Du Pisanie NO
- Christiaan Johannes Basson v Tyrone Paul Hanna(37/2016) [2016] ZASCA 198 (6 December 2016)