Jaison Max Korerai Machaya and Others v The State and Sibongile Msipa-Marondedze Regional Magistrate N.O

The 8 applicants were high-ranking government officials in the Midlands Province (including the Provincial Governor and Provincial Administrator) charged with 23 counts of Criminal Abuse of Duty under s 174(1) of the Criminal Law (Codification & Reform) Act for allegedly unlawfully allocating state land between 2005-2013. When the trial commenced on 18 January 2019, defense counsel sought postponement for lack of preparation and missing state papers. The trial was postponed to 4-8 March 2019. On 4 March 2019, defense counsel applied for permanent stay of prosecution based on unreasonable delay (arrested in 2018 for 2004 offenses) arguing violation of their constitutional right to fair trial under s 85 of the Constitution and s 167A of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act. The Regional Magistrate dismissed the application as frivolous and vexatious. Defense counsel then sought postponement to file review application. The Regional Magistrate postponed the trial to allow filing of review, effectively staying proceedings. Applicants then filed this urgent application seeking stay of proceedings pending determination of their review application HC 1994/19.

• Whether the High Court should grant a stay of criminal proceedings pending determination of a review application of an interlocutory decision in ongoing proceedings
• The proper procedure for urgent applications under Rules 244 and 246(2) of the High Court Rules - whether provisional orders returnable or final orders should be granted
• Whether respondents in urgent applications should address only urgency or also the merits
• The scope of the High Court's supervisory jurisdiction over magistrates' courts under s 171(1)(b) of the Constitution
• Whether the Regional Magistrate had effectively already stayed proceedings by postponing the trial to allow filing of review application
• The practice and principles governing High Court intervention in uncompleted proceedings in lower courts

1. Proceedings already stayed pending review by the trial court. 2. The application is struck off the roll with no order as to costs. 3. Copy of this judgment must be availed to the Chief Magistrate and the Prosecutor General.

Where a Regional Magistrate has postponed criminal proceedings to allow an accused to file a review application, this constitutes a stay of proceedings and a subsequent application to the High Court for stay pending review is superfluous. In urgent applications under Rules 244 and 246(2), where a respondent goes beyond addressing urgency and addresses the merits of the application, the court is placed in a position to determine the matter on balance of probabilities and may grant a final order rather than a provisional order returnable for confirmation. A magistrate who postpones proceedings to allow filing of review has validly exercised discretion under ss 165-166 of the Criminal Procedure & Evidence Act, and such postponement remains effective until the review is determined. Trial magistrates have a duty to actively monitor progress of review applications and require accused persons to justify continued postponements rather than perfunctorily accepting that matters remain pending.

Chitapi J made extensive obiter observations criticizing: (1) The lack of professionalism by both prosecution and defense counsel in failing to conduct pre-trial consultations, resulting in wasted court time and expense when the trial failed to commence; (2) The practice of calling witnesses en masse who are then excused, causing financial prejudice to the fiscus; (3) The apparent lack of knowledge of civil procedure by State prosecutors, evidenced by filing pleadings outside prescribed time limits without seeking condonation; (4) The need for capacity building within the National Prosecuting Authority regarding civil practice and procedure to achieve an efficient criminal justice delivery system. The judge also commented that proceedings in the Regional Court, as the highest magistrates' court, should reflect the serious nature of cases and "should not be just another day in court." The judge expressed the view that the criminal justice system is party-driven rather than court-driven, and parties cannot blame the High Court for delays when they fail to prosecute applications timeously.

This judgment is significant for establishing important principles regarding: (1) The proper procedure for urgent applications in the High Court - clarifying when final orders versus provisional orders returnable should be granted, particularly where respondents address merits rather than only urgency; (2) The High Court's supervisory role over lower courts under s 171(1)(b) of the Constitution and the duty of trial magistrates to actively monitor review applications rather than passively postponing trials; (3) Case management in criminal proceedings, emphasizing the need for pre-trial consultations between prosecution and defense to avoid wastage of court time and resources; (4) The application of civil procedure rules to criminal review applications and the consequences of non-compliance with time limits; (5) Reaffirming the general principle of non-interference in uncompleted proceedings while recognizing the validity of postponements granted by magistrates to allow review applications. The judgment also highlights institutional concerns about prosecutor capacity in civil procedure.