Dunhuramambo (Private) Limited t/a Zambezi Cruise and Safaris v T.P. Mashayamombe N.O. and Charles Nikobasa

The applicant instituted Case No. HCH 1468/24 seeking to review a Taxing Officer's decision on costs. The application was filed outside the 14-day period prescribed for reviews of taxation and was not properly served on the Taxing Officer as required by the High Court Rules. When the matter came before court on 9 January 2024 (heard 29 January 2025), it was struck off the roll for non-compliance. The applicant failed to rectify the defects or re-enrol the matter within the 30-day window prescribed by Practice Direction 3 of 2013. More than a year elapsed after the strike-off without the matter being set down again, and by operation of the Practice Direction, the matter was treated as abandoned. The applicant instituted the present application on 6 June 2025, seeking condonation for non-compliance and reinstatement of Case No. HCH 1468/24. The applicant explained that the delay was caused by misinformation from previous corresponding legal practitioners who led him to believe the taxation issue was still under consideration and that he was still within time to file the review.

• Whether the court is functus officio after striking a matter off the roll such that it cannot entertain an application for reinstatement
• Whether Rule 72(26) of the High Court Rules, 2021 and Practice Direction 3 of 2013 preclude the court from granting condonation and reinstatement
• Whether the applicant has shown good and sufficient cause for condonation of non-compliance with time limits
• Whether the applicant's explanation for the delay is adequate and reasonable
• Whether the applicant has reasonable prospects of success in the underlying review of taxation

1. The late filing of application No. HCH 1468/24 is condoned. 2. Case No. HCH 1468/24 is reinstated on the roll. The Registrar is directed to allocate a hearing date for the review of taxation at the earliest available opportunity. 3. The costs of this condonation application shall be costs in the cause.

An order striking a matter off the roll is not a judgment on the merits and does not render the court functus officio. Practice Direction 3 of 2013 empowers a judge to reinstate an abandoned matter on application and for good cause shown, even after the expiry of the 30-day rectification period. Peremptory time limits in the High Court Rules do not oust the court's inherent discretion to condone non-compliance in the interests of justice. In determining whether to grant condonation, the court must conduct a balancing exercise weighing: (i) the adequacy of the explanation for delay, (ii) the prospects of success on the merits, (iii) the degree of non-compliance, (iv) prejudice to the other party, and (v) the overriding interests of justice. Where a litigant has been misled by legal practitioners, has a meritorious case, and the other party suffers no irreparable prejudice, condonation may be granted to allow the matter to be decided on its merits.

The court emphasized that its indulgence was not to be interpreted as condoning lawyer laxity, and that the decision was made because the interests of justice so dictated, not as a matter of course. Mambara J warned that legal practitioners must take the 30-day rectification rule in Practice Direction 3 of 2013 seriously, and litigants would be well-advised to act within that window to avoid similar predicaments. The court also noted that while it is reluctant to penalize litigants for negligence of their lawyers, there is indeed a limit to such indulgence, referencing the principle from Saloojee that considerations of mercy cannot become an invitation to laxity. The judgment observed that condonation is an exceptional measure and not a right, with the onus squarely on the applicant to satisfy the court that the indulgence is warranted.

This case is significant in Zimbabwean civil procedure jurisprudence for clarifying the scope and application of Practice Direction 3 of 2013 regarding struck off and abandoned matters. It confirms that courts retain discretionary power to reinstate matters even after the 30-day rectification period has expired, and that the functus officio doctrine does not apply to procedural strike-off orders that do not decide matters on the merits. The judgment provides guidance on balancing strict compliance with procedural rules against the interests of justice in allowing meritorious cases to be heard, and reaffirms the principles governing condonation applications, including the need for full explanation of delays and demonstration of prospects of success. It also confirms that peremptory time limits in specific rules (like Rule 72(26) for taxation reviews) do not necessarily oust the court's inherent condonation powers.