The appellants approached the High Court on matters referred by magistrates concerning their eligibility to vote in the Presidential Elections scheduled for 9-10 March 2002. The appellants had raised points in limine regarding the relevance and applicability of provisions of the Electorate Act to their cases. The central issue involved questions about citizenship and the consequent right to vote in the forthcoming elections. The matter was urgent due to the time constraints of the impending election.
The court made a declaratory order stating that any person including the appellants are entitled to vote in the Presidential Elections set for 9th and 10th March 2002 provided that they can prove to the satisfaction of the Registrar General of Elections that at the relevant time they are citizens of Zimbabwe and that they meet the criteria set down for eligibility as a voter in the said elections.
The binding principle established is that eligibility to vote in Presidential Elections is contingent upon proof of citizenship of Zimbabwe and meeting the statutory criteria for voter eligibility at the relevant time. Where a person can prove citizenship and meet the eligibility criteria to the satisfaction of the Registrar General of Elections, they are entitled to vote. Loss of citizenship results in loss of voting rights by operation of law pursuant to paragraph 3(3) of the Third Schedule of the Constitution of Zimbabwe, and such loss occurs automatically without requiring administrative action under section 25 of the Electorate Act.
The court made observations about procedural options available when dealing with points in limine in urgent matters, noting three alternatives: (1) deciding on points in limine and referring back to magistrates' court; (2) deciding both on points in limine and merits immediately; or (3) making a declaratory order as to applicable law. The court expressed preference for the third option given the urgency and time constraints of the impending election, suggesting this is an appropriate approach in time-sensitive electoral disputes.
This case clarified the relationship between citizenship and voting rights in Zimbabwe during a critical election period. It confirmed that citizenship is a prerequisite for voting rights and that loss of citizenship results in automatic loss of voting rights by operation of law. The case demonstrated the court's willingness to use declaratory orders in urgent electoral matters to provide legal clarity ahead of elections, rather than engaging in protracted litigation that would render the issues moot.