The Govan Mbeki Municipality (GMM) procured debt management services from New Integrated Credit Solutions (Pty) Ltd (NICS) in September 2015 under Regulation 32 of the Municipal Supply Chain Management Regulations, by relying on a tender previously issued by the Newcastle Municipality. The original Newcastle tender invited bids only for the collection of debts older than 60 days, with commission of 16.5%. However, the subsequent contracts concluded by Newcastle Municipality and later GMM with NICS included an additional clause entitling NICS to a further 2.5% commission on debts younger than 60 days, despite this not forming part of the original tender or bid process. After services were rendered and disputes arose, GMM purported to terminate the contract and later sought a declaratory order that the entire contract, or alternatively the 2.5% component, was unconstitutional and invalid for non-compliance with s 217 of the Constitution, the Supply Chain Management Regulations, and the Municipal Finance Management Act. NICS resisted, pointing to delay and seeking preservation of accrued rights.